PREPOSITIONS (पूर्वसर्ग) Part-1

Prepositions- दो शब्दों से मिलकर बना है- Pre + position. यहाँ pre का अर्थ है पहले और position का अर्थ है placed, अर्थात् वह शब्द या phrase जो किसी Noun या Pronoun  से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है| यह सम्बन्ध सूचक शब्द या phrase होता है जो किसी वाक्य में उक्त Noun या Pronoun का सम्बन्ध किसी दूसरे शब्द से स्थापित करता है|
Definition- A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show the relation between the noun or pronoun and some other word.अर्थात् सम्बन्ध-सूचक अव्यय या पूर्वसर्ग (Prepositions) वे शब्द हैं जो किसी वाक्य में आए हुए संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का सम्बन्ध वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों से बताते हैं|
The Noun or Pronoun before which a Preposition is placed is called the object of the Preposition.
Example:
1. They live in Jaipur.
2. The purse is on the table.
3. He came with me.
4. They are hiding behind the tree.

Forms of Preposition

Preposition के निम्नलिखित Forms या रूप होते हैं-

1.Simple Preposition- एक शब्द के Prepositions को Simple Preposition कहा जाता है| जैसे-

In, of, to, at, by, for, from, off, on, out, through, till, up, with, down.

2.Compound Prepositions- जो Prepositions किसी Noun, Adjective या Adverb में Prefix जोड़ कर बनाए जाते हैं वे Compound Prepositions कहलाते हैं| वे ऊपरी तौर पर एक शब्द के Prepositions जैसे दिखाई देते हैं| जैसे-

About, above, across, along, amidst, among, amongst, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath, within, without.

3.Phrase Prepositions- कुछ phrases भी single prepositions का काम करते हैं| जैसे-

According to	in consequence of
agreeably to	in course of
along with	in favour of
away from	in front of
because of	in lieu of
by dint of	in order to
by means of	in place of
by reason of	in reference to
by virtue of	in regard to
by way of	in spite of
conformably to	instead of
for the sake of	in the event of
in accordance with	on account of
in addition to	owing to
in (on) behalf of	with a view to
in case of	with an eye to
in comparison to	with reference to
in compliance with	with regard to

4. Participle Prepositions- कुछ Present Participles भी Prepositions की तरह प्रयोग किये जाते हैं| जैसे-
Concerning, considering, barring, during, notwithstanding, pending, regarding, respecting, touching.

Functional Types of Prepositions

There are various types of Prepositions-

1.Prepositions of place (स्थान)

  On, at, in, against, above, across, before, behind, over, under, among, below, between, upon, etc.

2. Prepositions of Time- (समय)

   After, before, at, on, by, behind, during, in, for, since, through, till, until, with, within, from, etc.

3. Prepositions of cause/Purpose (कारण /उद्देश्य)

   For, of, from, through, with, etc.

4. Preposition of Agency (साधन)-

   By, in, with, without, at, through, with, etc.

5. Prepositions of Manner (ढंग)

   Like, with, by.

6. Prepositions of Possession (अधिकार)-

  of, by, with.

7. Prepositions of Measure/ Rate/ Value (माप/मूल्य/दर)

  At, by, for, to

8. Prepositions of contrast/ Concession (तथापि/यद्यपि)

  In spite of, notwithstanding, nevertheless

9. Prepositions of Separation (अलग होना)-

  From, of, off

10. Prepositions of Relationship (सम्बन्ध/मिलना)-
  With, together, in company with, along with.
11. Prepositions of Support/ Opposition (पक्ष-विपक्ष)-
  For, against.
12. Prepositions of exception (अपवाद)-
  But, except, barring.
13. Prepositions of Motive/ Inference/ Source/ Origin (उद्देश्य, निष्कर्ष, स्रोत, उत्पत्ति)
   From, of
14. Prepositions of Direction (दिशा-सूचक)
  To, towards, into, up, down, above, on.