ADJECTIVES

An adjective is a describing word.
Words that describe a noun and a pronoun or add something to the meaning of a Noun or a Pronoun are called Adjectives.Examples-
He is a clever boy.
she is a beautiful girl.
The sky is blue.
The house is large and airy.
Adjectives can be placed before a noun or a pronoun, after a linking verb.
Adjectives के निम्नलिखित दस भेद होते हैं-
1. Proper Adjectives- वे Adjectives होते हैं जो किसी proper noun से बनते हैं| ये हमेशा Capital Letter से लिखे जाते हैं| जैसे-
Indian coast, French wine, American culture, English language, Shakespeare's plays.
2. Descriptive or Qualitative Adjectives-  Adjectives that tell us what kind of a noun it is, are called Adjectives of quality. वे Adjectives होते हैं जो किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु के रूप रंग, आकार-प्रकार, गुण-दोष आदि का वर्णन करते हैं| जैसे- A great man, a beautiful girl, a small toy, a white cow, cold water
3. Quantitative Adjectives- वे Adjectives जो जिसे वस्तु की मात्रा या वजन का बोध कराते हैं(संख्या का नहीं)| ये Adjectives हमेशा singular number में Uncountable Noun के लिए प्रयोग किये जाते हैं| ये जिस noun को qualify करते हैं वह noun Plural Number में कभी नहीं हो सकती| ये Adjectives निम्न हैं-
Much, little, no, none, any, enough, sufficient, all, whole, half, less, a good deal of, a lot of, plenty of, a kilo/pound/ton/, a litre/metre.
4. Numeral or Numerical Adjectives-वे Adjectives जो संख्या का बोध कराते हैं| जैसे- one,two,three, etc.; first,second,third,etc.;a,an, many,few, some, several, a few, all, any, a number of, a lot of, a heap of, plenty of. ये Adjectives हमेशा  Countable Noun (Singular/ Plural) के साथ प्रयोग किये जाते हैं| इनमें जो निश्चित संख्या का बोध कराते हैं वे Definite Numeral Adjectives कहलाते हैं जैसे- one, two, three... और जो अनिश्चित संख्या का बोध कराते हैं वे Indefinite Numeral Adjectives कहलाते हैं| जैसे- many, several, few.
One, two, three :are called cardinals.
First, second, third: are called ordinals.
Examples-
He has many books.
There are no workers.
My son is standing in the fifth row.
A hand has five fingers.
 5.Demonstrative Adjectives- ये Adjectives किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की और संकेत करते हैं-The Adjectives this, these, that, those, such, yonder point out which persons or things are meant, they are called Demonstrative Adjectives. They answer the question'which'.
This is my rular.
That is my house.
Those apples are from Kashmir.
6. Distributive Adjectives- जो व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं का एक-एक करके या एक-एक समूह करके अलग-अलग बोध कराते हैं, जैसे- each, every, either, neither
Every word of this story is true.
Neither road is safe at this hour.
Each boy should work hard.
7. Interrogative Adjectives-ये प्रश्नवाचक adjectives होते हैं| What,  which and whose, when they are used with nouns to ask questions, are called Interrogative Adjectives.
1. Which book do you want?
2. Whose pen is this?
3. What colour is your hair?
8. Possessive Adjectives- ये सम्बन्ध सूचक Adjectives होते हैं| जैसे-my, our, your, thy, his, her, its, their. ये Adjectives attributive form में Noun से पहले प्रयोग किये जाते हैं| जैसे- my book/books, our house/houses, their house/houses, ये Possessive Pronouns भी हो सकते हैं| यदि इनका प्रयोग Predicative form में किया जाता है तो ये  Possessive Pronoun ही कहलाते हैं| (Possessive Adjective नहीं) जैसे-
This is my book. (Possessive Adjective है)
This book is mine. (Possessive Pronoun है)
mine, ours, yours, theirs, hers कभी भी Possessive Adjective नहीं होते क्योंकि ये Predicative form में ही प्रयोग किये जाते हैं|
9. Emphasizing Adjectives- ये Adjectives विशेष जोर देने के लिए Noun से पहले प्रयोग किये जाते हैं| जैसे-
1. I saw it with my own eyes.
2. He came this very day.
10. Exclamatory Adjectives- what का प्रयोग Exclamatory Adjective के रूप में किया जाता है| जैसे-
1. What a beautiful bird!
2. What nonsense this is!
3. What joke that was!